Chen D, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, Low DE, The Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. N Eng J Med 1999;341:233-9.

Davidson R, Cavalcanti R, Brunton JL, Bast DJ, de Azavedo JC, Kibsey P et al. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:747-50.

Bast DJ, Low DE, Duncan CL, Kilburn L, Mandell LA, Davidson RJ, de Azavedo JC. Fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: contributions of type II topoisomerase mutations and efflux to levels of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:3049-54.

Bast DJ, de Azavedo JC, Tam TY, Kilburn L, Duncan C, Mandell LA et al. Interspecies recombination contributes minimally to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:2631-4.

Bast DJ, Yue M, Chen X, Bell D, Dresser L, Saskin R et al. Novel murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia: use of temperature as a measure of disease severity to compare the efficacies of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:3343-8.

Lim S, Bast D, McGeer A, de AJ, Low DE. Antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints and first-step parC mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae: redefining fluoroquinolone resistance. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:833-7.

Weiss K, Restieri C, Laverdiere M, McGeer A, Davidson RJ, Kilburn L et al. A nosocomial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Inf Dis 2001;33:517-22.

Powis J, McGeer A, Green K, Vanderkooi O, Weiss K, Zhanel G et al. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained in Canada in 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:3305-11.

Low DE. Quinolone resistance and its clinical relevance. In: Hooper DC, Rubinstein E, eds. Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents. Washington: American Society for Microbiology Press, 2003:355-86.

Anderson KB, Tan JS, File TM, Jr., DiPersio JR, Willey BM, Low DE. Emergence of levofloxacin-resistant pneumococci in immunocompromised adults after therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:376-81.

Low DE. Trends and significance of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2000;13:145-53.

Low DE, de Azavedo J, Weiss CA, Mazzulli T, Kuhn M, Church D et al. Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:1295-301.

Marrie TJ, Low DE, De CE. A comparison of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia with nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia of any etiology--results from a Canadian multicentre study. Can Respir J 2003;10:368-74.

Weiss K, de AJ, Restieri C, Quach C, Laverdiere M, Rubin E et al. In vitro activity of a novel ketolide ABT-773 against invasive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:407-9.

Low DE. Antimicrobial drug use and resistance among respiratory pathogens in the community. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33 Suppl 3:S206-S213.

Richardson DC, Bast D, McGeer A, Low DE. Evaluation of susceptibility testing to detect fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1911-4.

Johnston NJ, de Azavedo JC, Kellner JD, Low DE. Prevalence and characterization of the mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin resistance in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:2425-6.

Simor AE, Louie M, Low DE. Canadian national survey of prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:2190-3.

Skulnick M, Small GW, Lo P, Patel MP, Porter RC, Low DE et al. Evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of E test for susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:2334-7.

Allen UD, Thomas S, Carapetis J, Henry S, Wasfy S, Lovgren M et al. Serotypes of respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Jamaican children. Int J Infect Dis 2003;7:29-35.

McGeer A, Low DE. Is resistance futile? Nat Med 2003;9:390-2.